Accounting Reports #

Some of the major accounting reports are:

1. Company and Accounts

General Ledger #

Go to: Accounts > Company and Accounts > General Ledger.

The General Ledger is a detailed report for all transactions posted to each account and for every transaction there is a Credit and Debit account so it lists them all up.

The report is based on the table GL Entry and can be filtered by many pre-defined filters like Account, Cost Centers, Party, Project and Period etc. This helps you to get a full update for all entries posted in a period against any account. The result can be grouped by Account, Voucher/Transaction and Party with opening and closing balances for each group. In case of multi-currency accounting, there is also an option to check the amounts in any other currency than company’s base currency.

2. Accounting Statements

2.1 Accounts Receivable and Accounts Payable (AR / AP) #

Go to: Accounts > Accounting Statements > Accounts Receivable.

These reports help you to track the outstanding amount of Customers and Suppliers. It also provides ageing analysis i.e. a break-up of outstanding amount based on the period for which the amount is outstanding.

2.1.1 Accounts Receivables based on Payment terms #

You can also see Accounts Receivables based on Payment Terms.

Accounts Receivable report based on payment terms can be seen by clicking the checkbox ‘Based On Payment Terms’ as shown in the following screenshot.

Outstanding amount against each payment term can be seen. Invoiced Amount shows each payment term amount and Paid Amount shows paid amount against each payment term. Payment against each term is allocated in FIFO order.

![](/erpnext/v13/assets/img/accounts/)
  

2.1.2 ‘Revaluation Journals’ filter on Accounts Receivable/Payable #

‘Revaluation Journals’ filter allows the report to accurately report Invoice outstandings where currency conversion differences for parties are handled by Exchange Rate Revaluation journals. Only applicable, if there is heavy usage of Multi-Currency transactions and Exchange Rate Revaluation.

2.2 Trial Balance #

Go to: Accounts > Accounting Statements > Trial Balance.

A Trial Balance is an accounting report which lists account balances for all your Accounts (“Ledger” and “Group”) for any given reporting period. A company prepares a trial balance periodically, usually at the end of every reporting period. The general purpose of producing a trial balance is to ensure the entries in a company’s bookkeeping system are mathematically correct. The totals of Debit and Credit columns must be same for any given period, to ensure the entries are correct. In Emeron ERP, the report shows following columns:

• Opening (Dr): Opening debit balance as on From Date
• Opening (Cr): Opening credit balance as on From Date
• Debit: Total Debited amount against the account between the selected period
• Credit: Total Credited amount against the account between the selected period
• Closing (Dr): Closing debit balance as on To Date
• Closing (Cr): Closing credit balance as on To Date

There are some other options as well to include or exclude Period Closing Entries, show / hide accounts with zero balance and to show unclosed previous fiscal year’s P&L (Income & Expenses) balances. All the figures in the report are shown in company’s base currency.

2.3 Balance Sheet #

Go to: Accounts > Accounting Statements > Balance Sheet.

A Balance Sheet is the financial statement of a company which states assets, liabilities and equity at a particular point in time.

The Balance Sheet in Emeron ERP gives you more flexibility to analyse your financial position. You can run the report across multiple year to compare values. You can check values for a specific Finance Book or Cost Center. You can also choose any other currency to display the balances.

2.4 Cash Flow Statement #

Go to: Accounts > Accounting Statements > Cash Flow.

A Cash Flow is a financial statement which shows the incoming and outgoing of cash or cash-equivalents for a company. It is used to analyse the liquidity position of the company.

2.5 Profit and Loss Statement #

Go to: Accounts > Accounting Statements > Profit and Loss Statement.

A Profit and Loss Statement is a financial statement which summarizes all the revenues and expenses in a given period. The report is also known as P&L Statement.

In Emeron ERP, you can run the report across multiple year / period to compare the values. You can also check values for a specific Finance Book, Project or Cost Center. You can also choose any other currency to display the balances. If you are running the report to see quarterly / monthly balances, you can choose whether you want to show accumulated balances or only for each period.

2.6 Consolidated Financial Statements #

Go to: Accounts > Accounting Statements > Consolidated Financial Statement.

The report shows a consolidated view of Balance Sheet, Profit and Loss Statement and Cash Flow for a group company, by merging financial statements of all the subsidary companies. It shows balances for all individual company and as well as accumulated balances for a group company.

2.7 Financial Ratios Report #

Introduction #

A financial ratio is a measurement tool used to evaluate a company’s financial condition or performance relative to other businesses. This tool is commonly used by investors to study and obtain insight about a company’s financial history or the overall industry. The process of computing a financial ratio involves extracting numbers from the balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement. Rather than just being a calculation, a financial ratio offers an understanding of a company’s economic status in areas such as profitability, liquidity, leverage, and market valuation. A ratio can act as a signal, alert, or hint towards various potential issues.

Assumptions #

1. Net Sales = Direct Income
2. Credit Sales = Direct Income
3. Credit Purchases = Direct Expense
4. Share Holder Fund (SHF) = Total Asset – Total_Liability
5. Net Profit After Income & Taxes(NPAIT)  = Total Income – Total Expense

Types of Ratios: #

2.7.1 Liquidity Ratios #

Consists of:

2.7.1.1 Current Ratio = Current Assets/Current Liability

2.7.1.2 Quick Ratio = Quick Assets/Quick Liability

Requires 2 types of accounts:

1. Current Asset(e.g)

2. Current Liability(e.g)

As soon as you will set your account types for the relevant account in your “Chart of Accounts”, both Current Ratio and Quick Ratio will show the correct value.

2.7.2 Debt Equity Ratios #

Consists of:

2.7.2.1 Debt Equity Ratio = Total Liability / SHF

2.7.2.2 Gross Profit Ratio = (Net Sales – COGS)/Net Sales

2.7.2.3 Net Profit Ratio = NPAIT /Net Sales

2.7.2.4 Return on Asset Ratio = NPAIT/Total Assets

2.7.2.5 Return on Equity Ratio = NPAIT/SHF

For Gross Profit Ratio and Net Profit Ratio to show the correct data we need to add the relevant account type to “Direct Income” (as direct income is treated as Net Sales). (e.g.)

2.7.3 Turnover Ratios #

Consists of:

2.7.3.1 Fixed Asset Turnover Ratio = COGS/ Avg. Stock

2.7.3.2 Debtor Turnover Ratio = Credit Sales / Avg. Debtors

2.7.3.3 Creditor Turnover Ratio = Credit Purchases / Avg. Purchases

2.7.3.4 Inventory Turnover Ratio = Net Sales / Total Assets

Average of Stock / Debtors / Purchases is calculated by ⇒

(opening of first year + closing of last year) / 2

3. Taxes

3.1 Sales and Purchase Register #

Go to: Accounts > Taxes > Sales Register or Purchase Register.

The Sales and Purchase Register report shows all the Sales and Purchase transactions for a given period with invoiced amount and tax details. In this report, each taxes has a separate column, so you can easily get total taxes collected / paid for a period for each individual tax type, which helps to pay the taxes to government.

4. Budget and Cost Center

4.1 Budget Variance #

Go to: Accounts > Budget and Cost Center > Budget Variance Report.

In Emeron ERP, you can assign expense budget for an expense account against any specific cost center. This report gives a comparison between budgeted and actual expenses and the variance (the difference between the two) in monthly / quarterly / yearly view.

5. Tax reports for India

5.1 GSTR-1 (India) #

Go to: Accounts > Goods and Services Tax (GST India) > GSTR-1.

The GSTR-1 report helps Indian users to file monthly return of outward supplies. This report shows all the sales transactions of the company in Govt specified format. The output of the report is changed based on the selected type of business (B2B, B2C Large, B2C Small, CDNR and Export).

5.2 GSTR-2 (India) #

Go to: Accounts > Goods and Services Tax (GST India) > GSTR-2.

The GSTR-2 report helps Indian users to file monthly return of inward supplies. The report gives the details of all inward supplies of goods or services received during a month, in Govt specified format.

6. Analytics

6.1 Item wise Sales and Purchase Register #

Go to: Accounts > Analytics > Item-wise Sales Register or Item-wise Purchase Register.

The Item Wise Sales and Purchase Register report shows all the Sales and Purchase transactions for a given period with item rate, quantity, amount and tax details. In this report, taxes has a separate column, so you can easily get individual taxes for each individual item. From this report you can have a look of which items are sold or purchase most.

More detailed analysis can also be done by using the ‘Group By’ filter which gives sales data for a specific Customer, Supplier, Territory, etc. You can find out which Item is more popular in which region or which Customer is buying which Item more.

6.2 Sales or Purchase Invoice Trends #

Go to: Accounts > Analytics > Sales Invoice Trends or Purchase Invoice Trends.

Another very useful report is invoice trends, From this report you can easily get the trending items on monthly, quaterly, half yearly or yearly basis. You will get the idea of sales and purchase both in quantity and amount.

7. To Bill

• Ordered Items To Be Billed: The report shows the items which has been ordered by customers, against which Sales Invoice has not been created / partially been created.
• Delivered Items To Be Billed: The items which has been delivered to the customers, but Sales Invoice has not been created / partially been created.
• Purchase Order Items To Be Billed: The report shows the items which has been ordered from the suppliers, but Purchase Invoice has not been created / partially been created.
• Received Items To Be Billed: The items which has been received from the suppliers, but Purchase Invoice has not been created / partially been created.

8. Other Reports

8.1 Party Wise Trial Balance #

Go to: Accounts > Other Reports > Trial Balance for Party. Usually you might need to see the trial balance for your customesrs and suppliers. You can easily get for all of your customers or suppliers and also for individual.

8.2 Customer Credit Balance #

The report shows the credit limit, outstanding and credit balance for each customer.

General Ledger #

The General Ledger section in Emeron ERP’s accounting module serves as a vital part for organising, recording, and managing all financial transactions within an organisation. It encompasses a comprehensive set of features and functionalities essential for maintaining accurate and up-to-date financial records.

• Journal Entry Template
• Journal Entry
• Accounting Entries
• Freeze Accounting Entries
• General Ledger
• Supplier Ledger Summary
• Customer Ledger Summary
• Discount Accounting
• Immutable Ledger

Payment Ledger #

A Separate Ledger that only records transactions on Receivable and Payable accounts. Account type should be set to Receivable or Payable for transactions to be recorded in Payment Ledger.

Ex: #

A Sales Invoice of ₹1000 and a Payment Entry against that invoice will look like below.

Usage #

Reports #

Accounts Receivable, Account Receivable Summary, Account Payable and Account Payable Summary uses Payment Ledger as its source.

Tools #

Payment Reconciliation and its extension Semi-Auto Payment Reconciliation tools uses Payment Ledger to calculate outstanding Invoices. Reconciliation process only updates Payment Ledger

Accounts Receivable and Payable #

In Emeron ERP’s accounting module, accounts receivable and payable play crucial roles in managing a company’s finances.

Accounts receivable tracks the money owed to the company by its customers for goods or services provided on credit. This feature helps streamline invoicing, payment tracking, and ultimately, cash flow management.

Accounts payable monitors the money owed by the company to its suppliers or vendors. It facilitates the management of bills, outgoing payments, and ensures timely settlement to maintain healthy vendor relationships.

Both accounts receivable and payable modules in Emeron ERP provide real-time visibility into financial transactions supporting effective decision-making and monitoring of overall financial health of the organisation.

• Purchase Invoice
• Purchase Invoice for Services
• Debit Note
• Sales Invoice
• Credit Note
• Common Party Accounting
• Payment Request
• Payment Entry
• Payment Order
• Payment Ledger
• Advance Payment Entry
• Dunning
• Payment Reconciliation
• Semi Auto Payment Reconciliation
• Payment Gateway Account

Financial Report Template #

What are Financial Report Templates? #

Financial Report Templates help create professional financial reports automatically that fit dynamic business needs. Instead of editing reports in Excel, one can set up a template and it will generate reports like Balance Sheets, Profit & Loss statements, and Cash Flow reports with just a few clicks.

Main Components #

1. Financial Report Template #

This is a report blueprint that defines:

• Template Name: Descriptive name for identification (e.g., “Monthly P&L”)
• Report Type: Balance Sheet, Profit & Loss, Cash Flow, or Custom
• Rows: The individual lines that make up the report

2. Financial Report Row (Child Table) #

Each row in template represents a line in the financial report:

• Display Name: What appears in the report (e.g., “Total Revenue”)
• Reference Code: Short code for calculations (e.g., REV100)
• Data Source: Where the numbers come from:
  • Account Data: Pulls balances from Chart of Accounts
  • Calculated Amount: Uses formulas to compute values based on other rows
  • Visual Elements: Blank lines or section headers for formatting
• Formatting: Bold, colors, indentation for professional appearance

3. Account Category #

Classification system for accounts that enables standardized filtering across companies.

Examples:

• Cash and Cash Equivalents: Bank accounts, cash, short-term deposits
• Trade Receivables: Customer invoices and receivables
• Operating Expenses: Office rent, utilities, salaries
• Revenue from Operations: Sales and service income

#How to Get Data for Report #

#1. Account Data – Pull from Chart of Accounts #

This gets actual balances from accounts. One can filter accounts by category or specific criteria.

Simple Example: Get all cash balances

• Set filter to: Cash and Cash Equivalents category
• Choose balance type: Closing Balance (balance at end of period)

Advanced Example: Get only sales-related expenses

• Filter: Operating Expenses that contain “Sales” in the name
• This might include: “Sales Commission”, “Sales Travel”, “Sales Training”

Balance Types Explained:

• Opening Balance: Balance at the start of the period
• Closing Balance: Balance at the end of the period
• Period Movement: How much changed during the period

Easily check account coverage for rows to ensure all relevant accounts are included.

2. Calculated Amount #

Use this to add, subtract, or calculate percentages using other rows in template.

Simple Examples:

• Total Assets: CURRENT_ASSETS + NON_CURRENT_ASSETS
• Gross Profit: REVENUE - COST_OF_GOODS_SOLD
• Profit Margin: (NET_PROFIT / REVENUE) * 100

Smart Calculations (prevents division by zero):

• (GROSS_PROFIT / REVENUE) * 100 if REVENUE != 0 else 0

3. Visual Elements #

Blank Line: Add space between sections for better readability. Display name can still be given. Eg: Bold Text like “ASSETS” or “LIABILITIES” to organize report.

Column Break: Create multi-column or horizontal layouts. Display name acts as the header for the new column.

Section Headers: Used in conjunction with Column Breaks to separate different sections horizontally. Eg. Keep Totals aligned with each other in multi-column layouts.

How to Assign Categories to Accounts #

Method 1: One by One Go to Accounts -> update Account Category field

Method 2: Bulk Assignment using Data Import Tool

Making Reports Look Professional #

Text Formatting #

Make reports easy to read and professional:

• Bold Text: Say for main headings like “TOTAL ASSETS” or “NET PROFIT”
• Italic Text: Say for subtotals and calculated amounts
• Colors: Highlight important figures (red for losses, green for profits)
• Indentation: Create visual hierarchy (main items flush left, sub-items indented)
• Hide Empty Rows: Don’t show accounts with zero balances to keep reports clean
• Reverse Signs: Show expenses as positive numbers (makes P&L easier to read)
• Include in Charts: Select which rows to include in automatic chart generation

Advanced Features #

Easily build advanced templates by adding calculated rows

Balance Validation:

Say add a check that Assets = Liabilities + Equity

Ratios:

• Current Ratio: Current Assets ÷ Current Liabilities
• Profit Margin: Net Profit ÷ Revenue × 100
• Debt Ratio: Total Debt ÷ Total Equity

Built-in Validations #

The system automatically checks your templates to prevent errors:

What Gets Checked #

Reference Codes:

• Must be unique (can’t have two REV100 codes)
• Must start with a letter and contain only letters, numbers, and underscores
• Example:
  • ✅ REV100, ASSET1
  • ❌ 100REV, ASSET-1

Calculations:

• Checks that references to a row actually exist
• Prevents circular references (A depends on B, B depends on A)
• Makes sure parentheses match up:
  • ✅ (A + B) * C
  • ❌ (A + B * C

Account Filters:

• Verifies that account categories exist
• Checks filter syntax is correct

Ready-to-Use Templates #

Emeron ERP comes with professional templates to use immediately: